It depends on your case complexity. For straightforward Chapter 7 cases with only unsecured debt, below-median income, and no significant assets, pro se filing is reasonable and can save $1,000-$2,500 in attorney fees. For Chapter 13, cases involving real estate, or cases with any complexity, hiring an attorney is strongly recommended.
The honest answer depends on your specific situation. Here is how to evaluate whether pro se filing makes sense for you.
Pro Se Is Reasonable When
- You are filing Chapter 7 (not Chapter 13)
- Your income is below the state median (simple means test)
- You have only unsecured debts (credit cards, medical bills, personal loans)
- You do not own real estate or have minimal home equity well within exemptions
- You have not transferred property in the last 2-4 years
- You are comfortable with detailed paperwork and following instructions precisely
You Should Hire an Attorney When
- You are filing Chapter 13 (plan drafting requires legal expertise)
- You own a home, especially with significant equity or arrears
- You have a business or self-employment income
- Your income is above the state median (complex means test)
- You have made large payments to creditors or family members recently (preference issues)
- You have tax debts, student loans, or other potentially non-dischargeable debts
- A creditor has filed or threatened a fraud objection
The Risk-Reward Calculation
An attorney typically costs $1,000-$2,500 for Chapter 7. If hiring one protects a $20,000 homestead exemption or ensures a $50,000 debt is properly discharged, the return on investment is enormous. If your case is truly simple, the savings of pro se filing are meaningful -- but be honest about your case's complexity.